Bump stocks — firearm modification devices that allow semiautomatic rifles to fire faster and were used to devastating effect in the 1 October shooting in Las Vegas — are now legal again after a Friday ruling by the Supreme Court.

In 2017, a gunman at the Mandalay Bay opened fire at the Route 91 Harvest country music festival.

Sixty people were killed and more than 850 were injured. Still the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history, the gunman fired more than 1,000 rounds into the crowd of concertgoers over a span of 10 minutes because he used bump stocks, a device that uses recoil to fire at nearly the rate of an automatic machine gun.

The product allows the gun to “bump” between the shoulder and trigger finger, harnessing the weapon’s kickback to allow for rapid fire without technically converting a weapon into a fully automatic firearm, which is illegal to own or purchase. The shooter had bump stocks on 12 of his weapons, enabling him to fire about 90 shots in 10 seconds at one point.

In the aftermath of the shooting, the Donald Trump administration issued a rule banning bump stocks under a pre-existing law that prohibits Americans from possessing or transferring machine guns. The Department of Justice under Trump and President Joe Biden have argued that a bump stock illegally transforms a legal weapon into a machine gun.

But in a 6-3 ruling Friday, the Supreme Court overruled the administrative ban, siding with a defendant who turned his bump stocks into the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) after the ban went into effect and then promptly sued. The case was not argued on Second Amendment grounds, but rather on how much deference executive agencies are given to interpret laws passed by Congress.

Writing for the majority — which included all six justices appointed by Republican presidents — Justice Clarence Thomas focused on the mechanics of bump stock usage, saying that each shot requires an individual pull of the trigger, so a bump stock cannot be classified as a machine gun.

“A bump stock does not convert a semiautomatic rifle into a machine gun any more than a shooter with a lightning-fast trigger finger does,” Thomas wrote. “Even with a bump stock, a semiautomatic rifle will fire only one shot for every ‘function of the trigger.’”

The three liberal justices dissented. Writing for the minority, Justice Sonia Sotomayor penned a blistering response, saying that the majority opinion plainly disregarded the congressional definition of a machine gun.

“When I see a bird that walks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, I call that bird a duck,” wrote Sotomayor, who took the rare step of reading her dissent from the bench. “A bump-stock-equipped semiautomatic rifle fires 'automatically more than one shot, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger.' Because I, like Congress, call that a machine gun, I respectfully dissent."

The Nevada Angle

The Nevada Legislature banned possessing, owning, transferring or selling a bump stock in the 2019 legislative session.

The Supreme Court’s decision makes the federal ban unenforceable, but Nevada’s state-level ban will still remain in place. However, the push for a federal standard derives from the fact that, like in the Las Vegas shooting, gunmen can legally acquire guns and devices in states with less regulation.

To that end, Rep. Dina Titus (D-NV) has introduced a bill to ban bump stocks on the federal level in every session of Congress since 2017. The Closing the Bump Stocks Loophole Act, sponsored with Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick (R-PA), is the rare gun control that has some GOP support. When Democrats had a majority in 2021, it passed the House as part of a package with the support of five Republicans; of those, only Fitzpatrick is still in Congress.

In an interview, Titus said she’s kept the heat on Congress to act because she figured the Trump-era rule would be overturned — and suspected his administration pursued executive rulemaking to preempt a permanent solution in Congress.

“When the Trump administration did it by regulation, we said immediately [that] this is just a way to avoid having to pass a law, because they knew it would be challenged in court and likely struck down,” Titus said Friday. “We anticipated it.”

Moving forward, she plans to begin conversations anew with Republicans on her legislation. In speaking with the bill’s original co-sponsors, she feels confident that it would pass on the floor. When brought as its own measure in 2022, 13 Republicans voted for the bump stock ban — the most popular gun control measure in the package among the GOP. Seven of those members are still in Congress.

Titus said she wants to engage some of the more moderate Republicans from districts surrounding New York City that voted for Biden in 2020, who she believes are more receptive to public opinion on gun issues. Polling after the attack in 2017 found 82 percent of Americans supported banning bump stocks.

“I think you're going to see a lot of support for it in the community to inspire some of these people who are in tough races to get on board,” she said.

The Impact

Gun control is already a big issue for Democrats, and the Supreme Court’s decision appears to have reinvigorated them. Nevada’s elected Democrats universally panned the decision and committed to continuing to fight for gun control measures in Congress.

The Trump campaign, meanwhile, said the decision “should be respected” and promised that Trump would always defend gun rights. His statement had no mention of the fact that it was his administration who created and enforced the bump stock ban.

Titus said this did not surprise her.

“He changes his mind from one minute to the next,” she said. “He probably didn’t recall that the ATF even made this decision under his administration.”